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Portfolio return is the proportion-weighted combination of the constituent assets' returns. Portfolio return volatility is a function of the correlations ρ ij of the component assets, for all asset pairs (i, j). The volatility gives insight into the risk which is associated with the investment.
R M = return on the market portfolio σ M = standard deviation of the market portfolio σ P = standard deviation of portfolio (R M – I RF)/σ M is the slope of CML. (R M – I RF) is a measure of the risk premium, or the reward for holding risky portfolio instead of risk-free portfolio. σ M is the risk of the market portfolio. Therefore, the ...
If Portfolio A has an expected return of 10% and standard deviation of 15%, while portfolio B has a mean return of 8% and a standard deviation of 5%, and the investor is willing to invest in a portfolio that maximizes the probability of a return no lower than 0%: SFRatio(A) = 10 − 0 / 15 = 0.67, SFRatio(B) = 8 − 0 / 5 = 1.6
The rate of return on a portfolio can be calculated indirectly as the weighted average rate of return on the various assets within the portfolio. [3] The weights are proportional to the value of the assets within the portfolio, to take into account what portion of the portfolio each individual return represents in calculating the contribution of that asset to the return on the portfolio.
An example capital allocation line. As illustrated by the article, the slope dictates the amount of return that comes with a certain level of risk. Capital allocation line (CAL) is a graph created by investors to measure the risk of risky and risk-free assets. The graph displays the return to be made by taking on a certain level of risk.
For example, when t is close to the risk-free rate, the Sortino Ratio for T-Bill's will be higher than that for the S&P 500, while the Sharpe ratio remains unchanged. In March 2008, researchers at the Queensland Investment Corporation and Queensland University of Technology showed that for skewed return distributions, the Sortino ratio is ...
r it is return to stock i in period t r f is the risk free rate (i.e. the interest rate on treasury bills) r mt is the return to the market portfolio in period t is the stock's alpha, or abnormal return is the stock's beta, or responsiveness to the market return
Portfolio optimization is the process of selecting an optimal portfolio (asset distribution), out of a set of considered portfolios, according to some objective.The objective typically maximizes factors such as expected return, and minimizes costs like financial risk, resulting in a multi-objective optimization problem.