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Electrician rate: $50 to $100 per hour. General contractor cost: 10% to 20% of the total project cost. House framer rate: $7 to $16 per square foot. Interior designer rate: $50 to $200 per hour ...
Asphalt batch mix plant A machine laying asphalt concrete, fed from a dump truck. Asphalt concrete (commonly called asphalt, [1] blacktop, or pavement in North America, and tarmac or bitumen macadam in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland) is a composite material commonly used to surface roads, parking lots, airports, and the core of embankment dams. [2]
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Blacktop or asphalt concrete is a composite material used to surface roads. The word blacktop can also be used to refer directly to a paved road. Blacktop or Black Top may also refer to: Black Top Records, a record label; Blacktop Peak, a mountain in California; Black Top, British Jazz duo of Orphy Robinson and Pat Thomas
The pavement condition index (PCI) is a numerical index between 0 and 100, which is used to indicate the general condition of a pavement section.The PCI is widely used in transportation civil engineering [1] and asset management, and many municipalities use it to measure the performance of their road infrastructure and their levels of service. [2]
Increased material cost associated with higher asphalt binder and filler contents, and fibre additive. Increased mixing time and time taken to add extra filler, may result in reduced productivity. Possible delays in opening to traffic as the SMA mix should be cooled to 40 °C to prevent flushing of the binder to the surface (bleeding).
In addition to repair costs, the condition of a road surface has economic effects for road users. Rolling resistance increases on rough pavement, as does wear and tear of vehicle components. It has been estimated that poor road surfaces cost the average US driver $324 per year in vehicle repairs, or a total of $67 billion.
Graphs of functions commonly used in the analysis of algorithms, showing the number of operations versus input size for each function. The following tables list the computational complexity of various algorithms for common mathematical operations.