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The nerves from these sources, fifteen or twenty in number, have a few ganglia developed upon them. It enters the kidneys on arterial branches to supply the vessels, renal glomerulus, and tubules with branches to the ureteric plexus. [1] Some filaments are distributed to the spermatic plexus and, on the right side, to the inferior vena cava.
The plexus is in the adventitia. These nerves travel in individual bundles and along small blood vessels to form the ureteric plexus. [2] Sensation supplied is sparse close to the kidneys and increases closer to the bladder. [2] Sensation to the ureters is provided by nerves that come from T11 – L2 segments of the spinal cord. [2]
In the largest vessels, the vasa vasorum penetrates the outer (tunica adventitia) layer and middle (tunica media) layer almost to the inner (tunica intima) layer. In smaller vessels it penetrates only the outer layer. In the smallest vessels, the vessels' own circulation nourishes the walls directly and they have no vasa vasorum at all.
The superior vesical artery supplies blood to the upper part of the bladder. The lower part of the bladder is supplied by the inferior vesical artery, both of which are branches of the internal iliac arteries. [11] In females, the uterine and vaginal arteries provide additional blood supply. [11]
The nerves composing it are numerous, and contain a large proportion of spinal nerve fibers. They accompany the vesicle arteries , and are distributed to the sides and fundus of the bladder . Numerous filaments also pass to the seminal vesicles and vas deferens ; those accompanying the vas deferens join, on the spermatic cord , with branches ...
A decrease in blood flow through the vasa nervorum has been implicated in the development of diabetic neuropathy. Arteritis of the vasa nervorum leads to mononeuritis multiplex or polyneuropathy. [3] Occlusion of vasa nervorum at the level of the epineurial arterioles leads to ischemia of nerves, leading to vasculitic neuropathy.
Blood vessels transport blood cells, nutrients, and oxygen to most of the tissues of a body. They also take waste and carbon dioxide away from the tissues. [2] Some tissues such as cartilage, epithelium, and the lens and cornea of the eye are not supplied with blood vessels and are termed avascular.
The arterial supply to the bladder is crucial for maintaining its viability and proper function, as it ensures oxygen and nutrient delivery to this organ. Dysfunction or compromise of the superior vesical artery can lead to conditions such as bladder ischemia or necrosis, which can have significant clinical implications.