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The Act on Ensuring Equal Opportunities for and Treatment of Men and Women in Employment (Japanese: 雇用の分野における男女の均等な機会及び待遇の確保等に関する法律), commonly known as the Equal Employment Opportunity Law (Japanese: 男女雇用機会均等法), is a Japanese labor law, passed in May 1985 and implemented in April 1986, [1] designed to implement an ...
The scope of Japanese labour law is defined by the Japanese Civil Code. Article 622 defines contracts of employment, article 632 defines a contract for work, and article 643 defines a contract for mandate. The parties are free to decide the functional nature of their contract, but labour rights apply regardless of the label in the contract.
With national surveys finally including women, the Japanese government introduced the Equal Employment Opportunity Law (EEOL). Before its enactment, women could generally only get labor-intensive jobs in poor working conditions, mostly on farms or in unsafe factories. Most other women found jobs as secretaries or assistants. [24]
The life expectancy of Japanese women is 87.14 years, the longest among women in any country, 6 years longer than that of Japanese men, 81.09 years. [ 13 ] In 2024, Japan ranked 22nd out of 193 countries on the Gender Inequality Index , which measures equality between men and women in sexual and reproductive health , empowerment and economic ...
In 1986, the Women's Bureau of the Ministry of Labor enacted an Equal Employment Opportunity Law, [57] the first "gender equality law formulated mainly by Japanese women." [ 57 ] Equal Employment Opportunity Law
The Labor Standards Act (労働基準法, roudou-kijunhou) is a Japanese law.It was enacted on 7 April 1947 to govern working conditions in Japan. According to Article 1 of the Act, its goal is to ensure that "Working conditions shall be those which should meet the needs of workers who live lives worthy of human beings."
In the 1920s, Japanese labor unions started to demand leave (seiri kyuka) for their female workers. In 1947, a law was brought into force by the Japanese Labor Standards that allowed menstruating women to take days off work. Debate continues as to whether it is a medical necessity or a discriminatory measure. [11] [12] [13]
The law guaranteed women twelve weeks of paid (60% of their regular wage) maternity leave. This program is financed by the Japanese healthcare system. However, the law indirectly causes employers to hire less women as it bars women from working potentially hazardous or overnight jobs, and heavily limited the hours they were allowed to work ...