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Before drawing, polymer melt is pushed through a die with a large number of small holes, known as a spinneret. Typically, the fibers are air cooled without any need for curing. If curing is needed, two methods are available: dry and wet spinning. In wet spinning, the polymer is dissolved and extruded through a spinneret into a chemical bath.
Multiple layers are formed by coextrusion, lamination, or various coating technologies. The material of construction of multilayered packaging ranges from paper to plastics to metals. Most multilayered packages are not readily recyclable. [2] Basf company and Uflex recently developed multilayered food packaging from 100% recyclable materials ...
Often co-extrusion is used to apply one or more layers on top of a base material to obtain specific properties such as UV-absorption, texture, oxygen permeation resistance, or energy reflection. A common post-extrusion process for plastic sheet stock is thermoforming , where the sheet is heated until soft (plastic), and formed via a mold into a ...
Extrusion coating is the coating of a molten web of synthetic resin onto a substrate material. It is a versatile coating technique used for the economic application of various plastics , notably polyethylene , onto paperboard , corrugated fiberboard , paper , aluminium foils , cellulose , non-wovens , or plastic films .
Slot-die coating is a coating technique for the application of solution, slurry, hot-melt, or extruded thin films onto typically flat substrates such as glass, metal, paper, fabric, plastic, or metal foils. The process was first developed for the industrial production of photographic papers in the 1950's. [1]
For example, juiceboxes are fabricated from liquid packaging board which is usually six layers of paper, polyethylene, and aluminum foil. Paper is used in the lamination to shape the product and give the juicebox an extra source of strength. The base is most often particle- or fiberboards, then some layers of absorbent kraft paper.
In 2016, developments in multi-material printing have enabled material extrusion printers to utilize ceramic-based support materials, designed for easy removal. [8] This advancement significantly facilitates the creation of complex geometries, as the support material can be effortlessly broken off after printing.
A variant of wet spinning is dry-jet wet spinning, where the spinning solution passes through an air-gap prior to being submerged into the coagulation bath. This method is used in Lyocell spinning of dissolved cellulose, and can lead to higher polymer orientation due to the higher stretchability of the spinning solution versus the precipitated ...