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Design features include acanthus leaves, scrolls, and fasces emblems, the latter being a symbol of magisterial power that alludes to Celsus's tenure as a consul. [3] The library is built on a platform, with nine steps the width of the building leading up to three front entrances.
Original – The library of Celsus is an ancient Roman building in Ephesus, Anatolia, Turkey. It was built in honour of the Roman Senator Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus in 135 AD. Having been destroyed by multiple earthquakes, the facade was restored in the 1970s, and now serves as a prime example of Roman public architecture.
Raymond Joseph Hoffmann (born December 16, 1957) is a historian whose work has focused on the early social and intellectual development of Christianity. [1] His work includes an extensive study of the role and dating of Marcion in the history of the New Testament, as well the reconstruction and translation of the writings of early pagan opponents of Christianity: Celsus, Porphyry and Julian ...
The Library of Celsus, which was founded by Celsus and completed by his son Tiberius Julius Aquila; the father is buried in a crypt beneath the library, in a decorated marble sarcophagus. [5] Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus was born around 45 CE to a family of Ancient Greek origin, [7] [8] [9] in either Ephesus or Sardis. [8]
Celsus Library in Ephesus (), anastylosis carried out 1970–1978. Anastylosis (from the Ancient Greek: αναστήλωσις, -εως; ανα, ana = "again", and στηλόω = "to erect [a stela or building]") is an architectural conservation term for a reconstruction technique whereby a ruined building or monument is re-erected using the original architectural elements to the greatest ...
Celsus paid for the construction of the library with his own personal wealth [72] and is buried in a sarcophagus beneath it. [73] The library was mostly built by his son Gaius Julius Aquila [74] and once held nearly 12,000 scrolls. Designed with an exaggerated entrance — so as to enhance its perceived size, speculate many historians — the ...
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Library of Celsus Façade of the Library of Celsus, in Ephesus, near Selçuk, west Turkey. Photo credit: Benh Lieu Song. Archive - Nominations. Picture 12. Stave church.