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In some languages, linguistic possession (in a broad sense) is indicated by existential clauses, rather than by a verb like have. For example, in Russian , "I have a friend" can be expressed by the sentence у меня есть друг u menya yest' drug , literally "at me there is a friend".
Cleft-sentences in English contain existential sentences that have a dummy there as a subject, be as a main verb, and an NP in the post-verbal complement position. To elaborate, dummy there can be distinguished as an adverbial, pronoun, and subject. Likewise, be can be distinguished as a main verb, and may contain other intransitive verbs such ...
she te PAST Ø COP an in Ayiti. Haiti. Li te Ø an Ayiti. she PAST COP in Haiti. "She was in Haiti." 1b) Liv-la book-the Ø COP jon. yellow. Liv-la Ø jon. book-the COP yellow. "The book is yellow." 1c) Timoun-yo Kids-the Ø COP lakay. home. Timoun-yo Ø lakay. Kids-the COP home. "The kids are [at] home." 2. Use se when the complement is a noun phrase. But, whereas other verbs come after any ...
Thus, this seems to be a property of the main verbs of the sentences, think and say, respectively. After work by Lauri Karttunen, [2] [3] verbs that allow presuppositions to "pass up" to the whole sentence ("project") are called holes, and verbs that block such passing up, or projection of presuppositions are called plugs. Some linguistic ...
Analysis of these sentences will show that there is a radical difference between the equative sentence and the predicational sentence in English. The predicational sentence in (5) ascribes the property to the referent noun phrase whereas the equative sentence basically says that the first and second noun phrase share the same referent.
These are the present-future stem, the past stem and the imperative stem. Many verbs, however, only have one stem when spoken, remaining distinct only in writing, meaning that inflection is based mainly on the use of verbal auxiliaries. The verb is inflected by means of attaching suffixes to the verb stem in a similar way to nouns and pronouns.
The clause structure with an inverted subject and verb, used to form questions as described above, is also used in certain types of declarative sentences. This occurs mainly when the sentence begins with adverbial or other phrases that are essentially negative or contain words such as only , hardly , etc.:
A sentence consisting of at least one dependent clause and at least two independent clauses may be called a complex-compound sentence or compound-complex sentence. Sentence 1 is an example of a simple sentence. Sentence 2 is compound because "so" is considered a coordinating conjunction in English, and sentence 3 is complex.
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