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Periphery countries are continuously exploited by countries due to the exportation of surpluses of raw goods to the more technologically industrialized core countries for manufacturing and distribution. [12] Recently some of the manufacturing has been moved to periphery countries but it is still controlled and owned by the core countries.
In his terminology, the core is the developed, industrialized part of the world, and the periphery is the "underdeveloped", typically raw materials-exporting, poor part of the world; the market being the means by which the core exploits the periphery. Apart from them, Wallerstein defines four temporal features of the world system.
This theory postulates a third category of countries, the semi-periphery, intermediate between the core and periphery. Wallerstein believed in a tri-modal rather than a bi-modal system because he viewed the world-systems as more complicated than a simplistic classification as either core or periphery nations.
As the middle ground, semi-peripheral countries display characteristics of both the core and the periphery. [4] They also serve as a political buffer zone in that while they are exploited, they are also the exploiters. [3] These areas have either been core regions in the past or formerly-peripheral areas that have since advanced in the world ...
The theory of the interstate system holds that all states are defined through their relationship to other states or through participation in the world economy, and that divisions between states help to divide the world into a core, periphery and semi-periphery. [1] [2]
A world map of countries by trading status in late 20th century using the world system differentiation into core countries (blue), semi-periphery countries (yellow) and periphery countries (red), based on the list in Dunn, Kawano, Brewer (2000) Developed countries are shown in blue (according to the International Monetary Fund, as of 2008).
Countries tend to fall into one or another of these interdependent zones core countries, semi-periphery countries and the periphery countries. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Resources are redistributed from the underdeveloped, typically raw materials-exporting, poor part of the world (the periphery) to developed, industrialized core.
During the era of European imperialism, periphery countries were often set up as specialized producers of specific resources. Although these specializations brought the periphery countries temporary economic benefit, the overall effect inhibited the industrial development of periphery territories.