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Large lahars hundreds of metres wide and tens of metres deep can flow several tens of metres per second (22 mph or more), much too fast for people to outrun. [9] On steep slopes, lahar speeds can exceed 200 kilometres per hour (120 mph). [9] A lahar can cause catastrophic destruction along a potential path of more than 300 kilometres (190 mi). [10]
A lahar is a volcanic mudflow or landslide. The 1953 Tangiwai disaster was caused by a lahar, as was the 1985 Armero tragedy in which the town of Armero was buried and an estimated 23,000 people were killed. [citation needed] Volcanoes rated at 8 (the highest level) on the volcanic explosivity index are known as supervolcanoes.
In 1991, damage to crops and property was estimated at $374 million (or $711 million today), to which continuing lahar floods added a further $69 million (or $127 million today) in 1992. In total, 42 percent of the cropland around the volcano was affected by more lahar floods, dealing a severe blow to the agricultural economy in the region. [21]
Fresh lahar channels are visible on Ruapehu's eastern slopes, 27 March 2007. The Eastern Ruapehu Lahar Alarm and Warning System (ERLAWS) is a lahar warning system that was installed on Mount Ruapehu, New Zealand following volcanic eruptions in 1995–1996. The system successfully detected and warned of an imminent lahar in March 2007.
The lahar-warning system at the station at 311 W. Pioneer went off about 10 a.m. The Puyallup Police Department posted on Twitter about 10:30 a.m. that the siren was a false alarm and that it was ...
Some neighbors, worried the fire would reach their homes, used garden hoses to soak their roofs. Others packed up their cars and left. Many assumed the fire's impacts would be short-lived.
The Puyallup River Valley is at greatest risk. Tens of thousands of people live in areas that may have as little as 40 minutes to as much as three hours to move to safety once a large lahar is detected, so the system is robust, warnings are disseminated promptly and widely, and people in harm's way are taught how to respond to the warnings and ...
Firefighters battling the Palisades fire dealt with hydrants that had little to no water flowing out. By 3 a.m. Wednesday, all hydrants 'went dry,' an LADWP official says.