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Shotcrete is commonly used to line tunnel walls, in mines, subways, and automobile tunnels. Fire-resistant shotcrete developed in Norway is used on the Marmaray tunnel in Istanbul. [7] Shotcrete is used to reinforce both temporary and permanent excavations.
Soil nailing evolved from the New Austrian tunnelling method, which is a system for underground excavations in rock.This method consists of passive steel reinforcement in the rock followed by the application of reinforced shotcrete.
Shotcrete is also used for applications where seepage is an issue to limit the amount of water entering a construction site due to a high water table or other subterranean sources. This type of concrete is often used as a quick fix for weathering for loose soil types in construction zones. There are two application methods for shotcrete.
The primary advantages of fibre-reinforced shotcrete are: Addition of steel fibers into the concrete improves the crack resistance (or ductility) capacity of the concrete. Traditional rebars are generally used to improve the tensile strength of the concrete in a particular direction, whereas steel fibers are useful for multidirectional ...
Shoring is commonly used when installing the foundation of a building. A shoring system such as piles and lagging or shotcrete will support the surrounding loads until the underground levels of the building are constructed. Commonly used shoring equipment includes post shores, shoring beams, and timber jacks.
Tunnel Construction. Tunnels are dug in types of materials varying from soft clay to hard rock. The method of tunnel construction depends on such factors as the ground conditions, the ground water conditions, the length and diameter of the tunnel drive, the depth of the tunnel, the logistics of supporting the tunnel excavation, the final use and shape of the tunnel and appropriate risk management.
Recently Conco has taken a role in the developing field of sculpted shotcrete, which is the use of concrete as a canvas to create shotcrete walls that have structural integrity but are aesthetically pleasing. Shotcrete provides an excellent alternative to traditional cast-in-place walls, and since it is pneumatically placed, greatly reduces ...
A follow up report on the project stated; "The tunnel, including the shotcrete walls, the unshotcreted walls, the portals, and rigid track structure appeared in excellent condition." [9] The current permitted speed limit for trains operating through the tunnel is less than 10 miles per hour (16 km/h).