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T-s diagram for the ideal/real ORC. The working principle of the organic Rankine cycle is the same as that of the Rankine cycle: the working fluid is pumped to a boiler where it is evaporated, passed through an expansion device (turbine, [3] screw, [4] scroll, [5] or other expander), and then through a condenser heat exchanger where it is finally re-condensed.
The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) uses an organic fluid such as n-pentane [3] or toluene [4] in place of water and steam. This allows use of lower-temperature heat sources, such as solar ponds , which typically operate at around 70 –90 °C. [ 5 ]
In Organic Rankine cycles, by contrast, water is substituted by molecularly complex organic compounds. Since the vaporization temperature of these kinds of fluids is lower than that of water at atmospheric pressure, low-to-medium temperature sources can be exploited allowing for heat recovery , for example, from biomass combustion , industrial ...
The choice of working fluids is known to have a significant impact on the thermodynamic as well as economic performance of the cycle. A suitable fluid must exhibit favorable physical, chemical, environmental, safety and economic properties such as low specific volume (high density), viscosity, toxicity, flammability, ozone depletion potential (ODP), global warming potential (GWP) and cost, as ...
Organic Rankine cycles use organic fluids (such as hydrocarbons, perfluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbon, and many others) as working fluids. [21] Most of them have a critical temperature in the range of 100-200°C, [ 22 ] for this reason perfectly adaptable to transcritical cycles in low temperature applications. [ 23 ]
Honda also develops a module based on a Rankine Cycle to improve overall efficiency of hybrid vehicles, by recovering the heat of the engine and turning it into electricity for the battery pack. In the US highway cycle, the Rankine cycle system regenerated three times as much energy as the vehicle's regenerative braking system.
Zeotropic mixtures have different characteristics in nucleate and convective boiling, as well as in the organic Rankine cycle. Because zeotropic mixtures have different properties than pure fluids or azeotropic mixtures, zeotropic mixtures have many unique applications in industry, namely in distillation, refrigeration, and cleaning processes.
Preliminary design of a centrifugal turbine for organic rankine cycle applications. Journal of Engineering for Gas turbines and power, 135(4), 042312.