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Hippocampal sclerosis is the most common brain abnormality in those with temporal lobe epilepsy. [16] Hippocampal sclerosis may occur in children under 2 years of age with 1 instance seen as early as 6 months. [17] About 70% of those evaluated for temporal lobe epilepsy surgery have hippocampal sclerosis.
Sedentary adults over age 55 show a 1–2% decline in hippocampal volume annually. [37] A neuroimaging study with a sample of 120 adults revealed that participating in regular aerobic exercise increased the volume of the left hippocampus by 2.12% and the right hippocampus by 1.97% over a one-year period. [37]
The hippocampus proper refers to the actual structure of the hippocampus which is made up of four regions or subfields. The subfields CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4 use the initials of cornu Ammonis , an earlier name of the hippocampus .
Reference ranges for ions and metals in CSF [1]; Substance Lower limit Upper limit Unit Corresponds to % of that in plasma [clarification needed]; Osmolality: 280 [1]: 300 [1]: mmol/L ...
The horned appearance of the hippocampus is caused by cell density differentials and varying degrees of neuronal fibers. In rodents, the hippocampus is positioned so that, roughly, one end is near the top of the head (the dorsal or septal end) and one end near the bottom of the head (the ventral or temporal end).
The hippocampus (pl.: hippocampi; via Latin from Greek ἱππόκαμπος, 'seahorse') is a major component of the brain of humans and many other vertebrates.The hippocampus is part of the limbic system, and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, and in spatial memory that enables navigation.
The numbers of neurons born in the human adult hippocampus remains controversial; some studies have reported that in adult humans about 700 new neurons are added in the hippocampus every day, [14] while more recent studies show that adult hippocampal neurogenesis does not exist in humans, or, if it does, it is at undetectable levels. [15]
In spite of the fact that hippocampal ripples (140–220 Hz) and fast gamma (90–150 Hz) oscillations have similar mechanisms of generation, they are two distinct patterns in the hippocampus. They are both produced as the response of the CA1 region to inputs from the CA3 region.