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Amines can be formed by the reaction of ammonia with alkyl halides or, more commonly, with alcohols: CH 3 OH + NH 3 → CH 3 NH 2 + H 2 O. Its ring-opening reaction with ethylene oxide give ethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine. Amides can be prepared by the reaction of ammonia with carboxylic acid and their derivatives.
In aqueous solution, ammonia deprotonates a small fraction of the water to give ammonium and hydroxide according to the following equilibrium: . NH 3 + H 2 O ⇌ NH + 4 + OH −.. In a 1 M ammonia solution, about 0.42% of the ammonia is converted to ammonium, equivalent to pH = 11.63 because [NH +
In chemistry, two versions of a molecule, one a "mirror image" of the other, are called enantiomers if they are not "superposable" (the correct technical term, though the term "superimposable" is also used) on each other. That is an example of chirality. In general, an object and its mirror image are called enantiomorphs.
The Haber process, [5] also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia. [6] [7] It converts atmospheric nitrogen (N 2) to ammonia (NH 3) by a reaction with hydrogen (H 2) using finely divided iron metal as a catalyst:
Molecular geometries can be specified in terms of 'bond lengths', 'bond angles' and 'torsional angles'. The bond length is defined to be the average distance between the nuclei of two atoms bonded together in any given molecule. A bond angle is the angle formed between three atoms across at least two bonds.
Comparison of several types of graphical projection, including elevation and plan views. To render each such picture, a ray of sight (also called a projection line, projection ray or line of sight) towards the object is chosen, which determines on the object various points of interest (for instance, the points that are visible when looking at the object along the ray of sight); those points of ...
The hydrogen atoms in the ammonium ion can be substituted with an alkyl group or some other organic group to form a substituted ammonium ion (IUPAC nomenclature: aminium ion). Depending on the number of organic groups, the ammonium cation is called a primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary. Except the quaternary ammonium cations, the ...
An engineering drawing is a type of technical drawing that is used to convey information about an object. A common use is to specify the geometry necessary for the construction of a component and is called a detail drawing. Usually, a number of drawings are necessary to completely specify even a simple component.