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The rostro-caudal axis of the human central nervous system (magenta in the diagram) makes a near 90° bend at the level of the midbrain and continues through the brain-stem and spinal cord. In human anatomy, the occipital lobes and the back of the head are posterior but not caudal to the frontal lobes and the face.
Body cavities: Dorsal body cavity is to the left. The dorsal body cavity is located along the dorsal (posterior) surface of the human body, where it is subdivided into the cranial cavity housing the brain and the spinal cavity housing the spinal cord. The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system.
The action signal will continue along the central axon of the neuron through the posterior root, into the posterior horn, and up the posterior column of the spinal cord. Axons from the lower body enter the posterior column below the level of T6 and travel in the midline section of the column called the gracile fasciculus. [ 5 ]
However, there is a major curve between the brain stem and forebrain, which is called the cephalic flexure. Because of this, the neuraxis starts in an inferior position—the end of the spinal cord—and ends in an anterior position, the front of the cerebrum. This may be confusing and can be illustrated when looking at a four-legged animal ...
The spinocerebellar tracts are nerve tracts originating in the spinal cord and terminating in the same side (ipsilateral) of the cerebellum. The two main tracts are the dorsal spinocerebellar tract, and the ventral spinocerebellar tract. Both of these tracts are located in the peripheral region of the lateral funiculi (white matter columns). [1]
A 3D medical animation still shot showing different parts of the midbrain. The brainstem (or brain stem) is the posterior stalk-like part of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. [1] In the human brain the brainstem is composed of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. [1]
This neuron's ascending axons will cross to the opposite side either in the spinal cord or in the brainstem. In the case of touch and certain types of pain, the third-order neuron has its cell body in the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus and ends in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe in the primary somatosensory cortex (or S1).
Both dorsal column nuclei contain synapses from afferent nerve fibers that have travelled in the spinal cord. [2] They then send on second-order neurons of the dorsal column–medial lemniscal pathway. Neurons of the dorsal column nuclei eventually reach the midbrain and the thalamus. [3] They send axons that form the internal arcuate fibers. [4]