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Arthur Leonard Schawlow (May 5, 1921 – April 28, 1999) was an American physicist who, along with Charles Townes, developed the theoretical basis for laser science. His central insight was the use of two mirrors as the resonant cavity to take maser action from microwaves to visible wavelengths.
The Arthur L. Schawlow Prize in Laser Science is a prize that has been awarded annually by the American Physical Society since 1991. The recipient is chosen for "outstanding contributions to basic research which uses lasers to advance our knowledge of the fundamental physical properties of materials and their interaction with light".
Arthur Schawlow and Charles Townes independently discovered the importance of the Fabry–Pérot cavity—about three months later—and called the resulting proposed device an "optical maser". [12] Gould's name for the device was first introduced to the public in a conference presentation in 1959, and was adopted despite resistance from ...
The maser was the precursor to the laser, inspiring theoretical work by Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow that led to the invention of the laser in 1960 by Theodore Maiman. When the coherent optical oscillator was first imagined in 1957, it was originally called the "optical maser".
Bloembergen shared the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics with Arthur Schawlow, along with Kai Siegbahn. The Nobel Foundation awarded Bloembergen and Schawlow "for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy". [13] [20] Bloembergen in 2006. Corresponding member, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, 1956 [21]
The American Physical Society honors members with the designation Fellow for having made significant accomplishments to the field of physics. [1]The following list includes those fellows selected in the first 50 years of the tradition, that is, from 1921 through 1971.
Charles Hard Townes (July 28, 1915 – January 27, 2015) was an American physicist. [4] [5] Townes worked on the theory and application of the maser, for which he obtained the fundamental patent, and other work in quantum electronics associated with both maser and laser devices.
Arthur Leonard Schawlow – United States (1921–1999) Nobel laureate; Craige Schensted – United States; Joël Scherk – France (1946–1979) Otto Scherzer – Germany (1909–1982) Brian Schmidt – Australia, United States (born 1967) Nobel laureate; Alan Schoen – United States (1924–2023) Walter H. Schottky – Germany (1886–1976)