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The history of Australia from 1788 to 1850 covers the early British colonial period of Australia's history. This started with the arrival in 1788 of the First Fleet of British ships at Port Jackson on the lands of the Eora, and the establishment of the penal colony of New South Wales as part of the British Empire.
[15] [16] The Swan River Colony of Western Australia was established in 1832, separately from that of New South Wales, effectively taking over by Britain of the remainder of the Australian continent. Following the Treaty of Waitangi , William Hobson declared British sovereignty over New Zealand in 1840 and was part of the colony of New South Wales.
This centrepiece of the White Australia policy, the act used a dictation test in a European language to exclude Asian migrants, who were considered a threat to Australia's living standards and majority British culture. [249] [250] With federation, the Commonwealth inherited the small defence forces of the six former Australian colonies.
The decolonisation of Oceania occurred after World War II when nations in Oceania achieved independence by transitioning from European colonial rule to full independence. While most of the countries of Oceania have a specific independence day , the independence of Australia and the independence of New Zealand were a gradual process and cannot ...
It is Australia's worst civil maritime disaster, with 406 lives lost. Copper was discovered at Burra in South Australia. 1849: 1 June: Western Australia became a penal colony. 1850: Australian Colonies Government Act [1850] granted representative constitutions to New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania. These colonies set about ...
The Australia Act 1986 made Australia completely independent of the United Kingdom. [86] no change to map: 11 May 1989 Jervis Bay Territory was split from the Australian Capital Territory to become its own territory. [87] 7 July 1997 Elizabeth Reef and Middleton Reef were transferred from New South Wales to the Coral Sea Islands Territory. [88]
The independence campaign continued and led Grey to introduce the Australian Colonies Government Act 1850 into the British Parliament, separating the District of Port Phillip from New South Wales to become the Colony of Victoria from 2 July 1851. [25] [32] The separation occurred along the 1843 borders and still apply to the modern State of ...
Following European settlement, the growth of the new colony of New South Wales led to an increasing demand for arable land. [7] Governor Lachlan Macquarie supported expeditions to open up new lands to the south of the capital Sydney, including one to find an overland route to Jervis Bay, [8] an area which would later be incorporated into the ACT as its only coastal possession.