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A mushroom cloud is a distinctive mushroom-shaped flammagenitus cloud of debris, smoke, and usually condensed water vapour resulting from a large explosion. The effect is most commonly associated with a nuclear explosion , but any sufficiently energetic detonation or deflagration will produce a similar effect.
The cumulonimbus flammagenitus cloud (CbFg), also known as the pyrocumulonimbus cloud, is a type of cumulonimbus cloud that forms above a source of heat, such as a wildfire, nuclear explosion, or volcanic eruption, [5] and may sometimes even extinguish the fire that formed it. [6] It is the most extreme manifestation of a flammagenitus cloud.
The observed colors of the illumination changed from purple to green and eventually to white. The roar of the shock wave took 40 seconds to reach the observers. It was felt over 100 miles (160 km) away, and the mushroom cloud reached 7.5 miles (12.1 km) in height. [108] Many observers recalled their amazement at the light from the explosion.
English: For decades this image was commonly misidentified as the mushroom cloud of the Little Boy bomb that formed around 8:15 AM local time. However due to its greater height and the wholly different time of day, it is a pyrocumulus* cloud that occurs frequently over firestorms.
Mushroom cloud height depending on yield for ground bursts. [citation needed] 0 = Approx. altitude at which a commercial aircraft operates 1 = Fat Man 2 = Castle Bravo. Gamma rays from the nuclear processes preceding the true explosion may be partially responsible for the following fireball, as they may superheat nearby air and/or other ...
The mushroom cloud reached a height of 47,000 feet (14,000 m) and a diameter of 7 miles (11 km) in about a minute, a height of 130,000 feet (40 km) and 62 mi (100 km) in diameter in less than 10 minutes and was expanding at more than 160 meters per second (580 km/h; 360 mph).
For example, the mushroom cloud from the bomb dropped on Hiroshima reached a height of six kilometers (middle troposphere) within a few minutes and then dissipated due to winds, while the individual fires within the city took almost three hours to form into a firestorm and produce a pyrocumulus cloud, a cloud that is assumed to have reached ...
The mushroom cloud was about 67 km (42 mi) high [48] (nearly eight times the height of Mount Everest), which meant that the cloud was above the stratosphere and well inside the mesosphere when it peaked. The cap of the mushroom cloud had a peak width of 95 km (59 mi) and its base was 40 km (25 mi) wide. [49] A Soviet cameraman said: