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Lentigo maligna is a histopathological variant of melanoma in situ. [6] Lentigo maligna is sometimes classified as a very early melanoma, [7] and sometimes as a precursor to melanoma. [8] When malignant melanocytes from a lentigo maligna have invaded below the epidermis, the condition is termed lentigo maligna melanoma. [2]
A lentigo (/ l ɛ n ˈ t aɪ ɡ oʊ /) (plural lentigines, / l ɛ n ˈ t ɪ dʒ ɪ n iː z /) is a small pigmented spot on the skin with a clearly defined edge, surrounded by normal-appearing skin. It is a harmless (benign) hyperplasia of melanocytes which is linear in its spread.
Lentigo maligna is the non-invasive skin growth that some pathologists consider to be a melanoma-in-situ. [3] A few pathologists do not consider lentigo maligna to be a melanoma at all, but a precursor to melanomas. Once a lentigo maligna becomes a lentigo maligna melanoma, it is treated as if it were an invasive melanoma.
Histology slide of a solar lentigo. Differently from the melanotic nevi and the verrucous nevi on the skin, age spots change in color and in shape with time. Wang-Michelitsch and Michelitsch propose a hypothesis inspired by their misrepair-accumulation aging theory [12] for the development of age spots. [13]
Lentigo maligna is sometimes classified as a very early melanoma, [86] and sometimes a precursor to melanoma. [ 87 ] Superficial spreading melanomas and acral lentiginous melanomas can be either in situ or invasive, [ 88 ] but acral lentiginous melanomas are almost always invasive.
Acral lentiginous melanoma is a result of malignant melanocytes at the membrane of the skin (outer layers). [2] [3] The pathogenesis of ALM remains unclear, however injury or mechanical stress might play a role in its development. [17] [18] Unlike cutaneous melanoma, it is not caused by sunlight or UV radiation. [10]
Actinic keratosis (AK), sometimes called solar keratosis or senile keratosis, [1] [2] is a pre-cancerous [3] area of thick, scaly, or crusty skin. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Actinic keratosis is a disorder ( -osis ) of epidermal keratinocytes that is induced by ultraviolet (UV) light exposure ( actin- ).
Superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) is a type of skin cancer that typically starts as an irregularly edged dark spot typically on sun-exposed part of the body. [2] [3] The colour may be variable with dark, light and reddish shades; occasionally no color at all. [2]