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Dividing the numerator and denominator of a fraction by the same non-zero number yields an equivalent fraction: if the numerator and the denominator of a fraction are both divisible by a number (called a factor) greater than 1, then the fraction can be reduced to an equivalent fraction with a smaller numerator and a smaller denominator.
((x),(y) = {239, 13 2} is a solution to the Pell equation x 2 − 2 y 2 = −1.) Formulae of this kind are known as Machin-like formulae . Machin's particular formula was used well into the computer era for calculating record numbers of digits of π , [ 40 ] but more recently other similar formulae have been used as well.
The area-equivalent diameter D A, also termed circular-equivalent diameter, is the diameter of a sphere having the same projected area as the particle's projection. Enabled by the introduction of digital image analysis, this corresponds to a direct measurement of the projection area by pixel counting.
A continued fraction is an expression of the form = + + + + + where the a n (n > 0) are the partial numerators, the b n are the partial denominators, and the leading term b 0 is called the integer part of the continued fraction.
In algebra, the partial fraction decomposition or partial fraction expansion of a rational fraction (that is, a fraction such that the numerator and the denominator are both polynomials) is an operation that consists of expressing the fraction as a sum of a polynomial (possibly zero) and one or several fractions with a simpler denominator. [1]
The graph always lies above the x-axis, but becomes arbitrarily close to it for large negative x; thus, the x-axis is a horizontal asymptote. The equation d d x e x = e x {\displaystyle {\tfrac {d}{dx}}e^{x}=e^{x}} means that the slope of the tangent to the graph at each point is equal to its height (its y -coordinate) at that point.
Log-log plot of x + 1 and max (x, 1) from x = 0.001 to 1000 [85] The maximum operation "max ( a , b )" is a binary operation similar to addition. In fact, if two nonnegative numbers a and b are of different orders of magnitude , then their sum is approximately equal to their maximum.
An obvious necessary condition is that the starting fraction x / y have an odd denominator y, and it is conjectured but not known that this is also a sufficient condition. It is known [20] that every x / y with odd y has an expansion into distinct odd unit fractions, constructed using a different method than the greedy algorithm.