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Puberty is considered delayed when the child has not begun puberty when two standard deviations or about 95% of children from similar backgrounds have. [7] [8] [9]In North American girls, puberty is considered delayed when breast development has not begun by age 13, when they have not started menstruating by age 15, [2] and when there is no increased growth rate. [8]
The underlying cause is due to the defective migration of GNRH neurons from olfactory placode to hypothalamus, leading to congenital GNRH deficiency. This leads to olfactory problems such as anosmia, optic defects like color blindness, and results in hypothalmic deficiencies associated with low levels of LH, affecting sex hormone testosterone in males or estrogen and progesterone in females.
Puberty blocker medications are used to delay the physical changes associated with puberty, offering individuals more time to explore their gender identity. The most common type of puberty blockers are GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) analogues, such as leuprolide acetate and histrelin acetate, which suppress the release of sex hormones ...
What causes precocious puberty? Scientists have still not pinned down a single reason for precocious puberty, and many factors can trigger it. The Endocrine Society says that genetics are the most ...
Early puberty also correlates with increased sexual activity and a higher instance of teenage pregnancy, both of which can lead to depression and other psychosocial issues. [23] On the other hand, late-maturing males develop lower self-esteem and confidence and generally have lower popularity among peers, due to their less-developed physiques.
Starting puberty significantly early — younger than age 8 in girls, 9 in boys — may have health effects lasting into adulthood, including higher risks of breast cancer, diabetes and heart disease.
Research has showed that the average age of starting puberty continues to drop over time: One study published in 2020 shows that the average starting age of puberty for girls has decreased by ...
[18] [35] [36] As a result, "early puberty" in children as young as 8 and 9 is no longer considered abnormal, particularly with girls. Although it is not considered as abnormal, it may be upsetting to parents [21] [37] and can be harmful to children who mature physically at a time when they are immature mentally. [38]