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Surface finishing is often one of the final steps taken when working metal and is essential for guaranteeing that metal components meet the requirements of the necessary finish. Surface finishing processes can be categorized by how they affect the workpiece: Removing or reshaping finishing; Adding or altering finishing; Coating Methods
Surface finish, also known as surface texture or surface topography, is the nature of a surface as defined by the three characteristics of lay, surface roughness, and waviness. [1] It comprises the small, local deviations of a surface from the perfectly flat ideal (a true plane ).
Parts cleaning is a step in various industrial processes, either as preparation for surface finishing or to safeguard delicate components. One such process, electroplating , is particularly sensitive to part cleanliness, as even thin layers of oil can hinder coating adhesion .
Surface grinding is done on flat surfaces to produce a smooth finish. It is a widely used abrasive machining process in which a spinning wheel covered in rough particles ( grinding wheel ) cuts chips of metallic or nonmetallic substance from a workpiece, making a face of it flat or smooth.
Mill finish is the surface texture (or finish) of metal after it exits a rolling mill, extrusion die, or drawing processes, including sheet, bar, plate, or structural shapes. This texture is usually rough and lacks lustre; it may have spots of oxidation or contamination with mill oil.
After approximately forming a metal object, by stretching with techniques such as sinking and raising, and then shaping and smoothing an object, metal workers use planishing for surface finishing. Planishing is a hand-driven process used in auto body repair and sheet metal craft work such as medieval armour production. [citation needed]
Polishing is a more aggressive process, while buffing is less harsh, which leads to a smoother, brighter finish. [1] A common misconception is that a polished surface has a mirror-bright finish, however, most mirror-bright finishes are actually buffed.
Superfinishing, also known as microfinishing [1] and short-stroke honing, is a metalworking process that improves surface finish and workpiece geometry. This is achieved by removing just the thin amorphous surface layer of fragmented or smeared metal left by the last process with an abrasive stone or tape; this layer is usually about 1 μm in magnitude.