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The Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) is a method used by registered practitioners to measure the severity of a patient's opioid withdrawal symptoms. This method consists of a series of 11 topics each comprising 4–5 common symptoms experienced by a patient undergoing opioid withdrawal. In each topic a rank is given depending on what the ...
The Journal of Psychoactive Drugs is a peer-reviewed medical journal on psychoactive drugs. It was established in 1967 by David E. Smith and is currently published five times per year by Taylor & Francis. It was previously titled Journal of Psychedelic Drugs until 1980.
Timothy Leary took LSD and was a well-known proponent of the social use of the drug in the 1960s. [12]: 138 Alexander Shulgin synthesized and self-experimented with a variety of psychoactive drugs, notably MDMA. [43] He developed a system known as the Shulgin Rating Scale for his research group to use during the self-experimentation of ...
Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has developed within the individual from psychoactive substance consumption that results in the experience of withdrawal and that necessitates the re-consumption ...
The Shulgin Rating Scale ... is a simple scale for reporting the subjective effect of psychoactive substances ... in a 1986 issue of the journal Methods and Findings ...
Drug use, including alcohol and prescription drugs, can induce symptomatology which resembles mental illness. This can occur both in the intoxicated state and during the withdrawal state. In some cases these substance-induced psychiatric disorders can persist long after detoxification from amphetamine, cocaine, opioid, and alcohol use, causing ...
Rat Park was a series of studies into drug addiction conducted in the late 1970s and published between 1978 and 1981 by Canadian psychologist Bruce K. Alexander and his colleagues at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia, Canada.
Substance-induced psychosis (commonly known as toxic psychosis or drug-induced psychosis) is a form of psychosis that is attributed to substance intoxication, withdrawal or recent consumption of psychoactive drugs. It is a psychosis that results from the effects of various substances, such as medicinal and nonmedicinal substances, legal and ...