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India is situated north of the equator between 8°4' north (the mainland) to 37°6' north latitude and 68°7' east to 97°25' east longitude. [2] It is the seventh-largest country in the world, with a total area of 3,287,263 square kilometres (1,269,219 sq mi).
Harlan H. Barrows, a geographer at the University of Chicago, nevertheless regarded social geography as one of the three major divisions of geography. [28] Another pre-war concept that combined elements of sociology and geography was the one established by Dutch sociologist Sebald Rudolf Steinmetz and his Amsterdam School of Sociography.
[1] [8] [9] The British Raj furthered the system, through census classifications and preferential treatment to Christians and people belonging to certain castes. [8] Social unrest during the 1920s led to a change in this policy towards affirmative action. [10] [11] [12] Today, there are around 3,000 castes and 25,000 sub-castes in India. [13]
Map showing the population density in India, per 2011 Census. [99] India occupies 2.41% of the world's land area but supports over 18% of the world's population. At the 2001 census 72.2% of the population [100] lived in about 638,000 villages [101] and the remaining 27.8% [100] lived in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations. [102]
The Deccan is a plateau extending over an area of 422,000 km 2 (163,000 sq mi) and occupies the majority of the Indian peninsula.It stretches from the Satpura and Vindhya Ranges in the north to the northern fringes of Tamil Nadu in the south.
Over time, however, "India" evolved to refer to a distinct political entity that eventually became a nation-state (today the Republic of India). [ 10 ] According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the term subcontinent signifies a "subdivision of a continent which has a distinct geographical, political, or cultural identity" and also a "large ...
Gujarat is a state located in western India. Its north-western border, which is also the international border, is adjacent to Pakistan. Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh are the states located in its north and north-east respectively. Maharashtra is to its south. The Arabian Sea forms its western-southern boundary. Dadar and Nagar-Haveli are on its ...
Socialist – this implies social and economic equality for all Indian citizens. This guarantees equal opportunity and equal social status. The government attempts to reduce economic inequality by reducing concentration of wealth. Secular – practices separation of religion and state. This implies freedom to choose one's religion.