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Cotton wool spots are commonly caused by changes to the retina secondary to diabetes, hypertension, or blockages to blood vessels to the retina, such as central retinal vein occlusion. [ 5 ] [ 8 ] While at one point believed to have been the result of nerve damage in the retina, interruptions to axoplasmic flow to these nerves may result from ...
The optic nerve contains axons of nerve cells that emerge from the retina, leave the eye at the optic disc, and go to the visual cortex where input from the eye is processed into vision. There are 1.2 million optic nerve fibers that derive from the retinal ganglion cells of the inner retina. [2] Damage to the optic nerve can have different causes:
Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome occurs mostly in females. Symptoms include a sudden loss of central vision, but patients eventually regain normal vision. The white dots are small and located in the posterior pole at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium. The white dots may disappear after the first few weeks of the disease.
Retinal detachment is a condition where the retina pulls away from the tissue underneath it. [1] [2] [3] It may start in a small area, but without quick treatment, it can spread across the entire retina, leading to serious vision loss and possibly blindness. [4] Retinal detachment is a medical emergency that requires surgery. [2] [3]
Patients can typically present erythema nodosum, livedo reticularis, bilateral uveitis, and sudden onset of marked visual loss associated with the appearance of multiple lesions in the retina. These lesions may be colored from grey-white to cream-shaded yellow. Other symptoms include scotomata and photopsia. In weeks to a month times the ...
It is difficult to resolve visual snow with treatment, but it is possible to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life through treatment, both of the syndrome and its comorbidities. [4] In some studies, lamotrigine as a treatment for visual snow syndrome only showed efficacy in 20% of patients, and in one study, patients using lamotrigine ...
Aqueous cells without the signs of uveitis, elevated intraocular pressure and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with tears around the ora serrata are the main signs of Schwartz–Matsuo syndrome. [1] Intra ocular pressure can be as high as 60–70 mm Hg and is responsive to aqueous suppressants. [ 3 ]
A blurred or gray spot in the central visual field is common when the retina is detached. Reduced visual acuity may persist after the fluid has disappeared. [1] The disease is considered of unknown cause. It mostly affects white males in the age group 20 to 50 (male:female ratio 6:1) [3] and occasionally other groups.