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The association cortex is a part of the cerebral cortex that performs complex cognitive functions. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Unlike primary sensory or motor areas , which process specific sensory inputs or motor outputs, the association cortex integrates information from various sources to support higher-order cognitive processes.
However, in the 1960s and 1970s, Mesulam and Damasio incorporated specific functional roles for the association cortex. With Mesulam and Damasio’s contributions, Geschwind’s model has evolved over the past 50 years to include connections between brain regions as well as specializations of association cortices.
Heterotypic cortex consists of those areas of the mature neocortex that deviate markedly from the homogeneous six-layered internal structure seen in the third trimester of human gestation. A few neocortical areas, such as Brodmann area 17 and the granular insular cortex , undergo modification to more than six layers; and in a few areas, such as ...
Prominent connections to the areas of heteromodal association in the front, temporal and parietal lobes. Strong reciprocal connections to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (roughly Brodmann area 46) and the frontal poles (Brodmann areas 10 and 11). Less prominent connections to Brodmann areas 9/46, 8 and 9.
Association fibers are axons (nerve fibers) that connect cortical areas within the same cerebral hemisphere. [ 1 ] In human neuroanatomy, axons within the brain, can be categorized on the basis of their course and connections as association fibers, projection fibers , and commissural fibers . [ 1 ]
Another model proposes the basal ganglia acts as a selection mechanism, where actions are generated in the cortex and are selected based on context by the basal ganglia. [13] The CBGTC loop is also involved in reward discounting, with firing increasing with an unexpected or greater than expected reward. [ 2 ]
U.S. stocks closed higher as investors digested a slew of corporate earnings reports, including some from the so-called Magnificent 7. The broad S&P 500 index closed up 0.51%, or 31.86 points, to ...
It has been considered a heteromodal cortex, which means that it responds to multiple stimuli, capable of interpreting internal and external sensory input. The coordination of these sensory interpretations are ideal for humor appreciation and production, one of the highest and most evolved human cognitive functions.