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The wide intrinsic region makes the PIN diode an inferior rectifier (one typical function of a diode), but it makes it suitable for attenuators, fast switches, photodetectors, and high-voltage power electronics applications. The PIN photodiode was invented by Jun-Ichi Nishizawa and his colleagues in 1950. It is a semiconductor device.
Avalanche photodiodes are photodiodes with structure optimized for operating with high reverse bias, approaching the reverse breakdown voltage. This allows each photo-generated carrier to be multiplied by avalanche breakdown , resulting in internal gain within the photodiode, which increases the effective responsivity of the device.
Software construction is a software engineering discipline. It is the detailed creation of working meaningful software through a combination of coding, verification, unit testing, integration testing, and debugging. It is linked to all the other software engineering disciplines, most strongly to software design and software testing. [1]
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to software engineering: . Software engineering – application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software; that is the application of engineering to software.
Computer engineering – discipline that integrates several fields of electrical engineering and computer science required to develop computer hardware and software. [1] Computer engineers usually have training in electronic engineering (or electrical engineering ), software design , and hardware–software integration instead of only software ...
Electronic engineering is a sub-discipline of electrical engineering that emerged in the early 20th century and is distinguished by the additional use of active components such as semiconductor devices to amplify and control electric current flow. Previously electrical engineering only used passive devices such as mechanical switches, resistors ...
Software Engineering Programme is a centre for advanced education and applied research at the Department of Computer Science of the University of Oxford. [1] It teaches the principles of modern software engineering , together with the tools, methods, and techniques that support their application. [ 2 ]
software engineering The profession of designing software systems to meet specified performance requirements. software The set of instructions and data that direct a computer system. solar cell A photovoltaic cell, used to produce power from sunlight. solar energy Useful energy extracted by some means from sunlight. solar micro-inverter