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The Atlantic Shield. The Amazonian (Brazilian) Shield on the eastern bulge portion of South America. Bordering this is the Guiana Shield to the north, and the Platian Shield to the south. The Uruguayan Shield; The Baltic (Fennoscandian) Shield is located in eastern Norway, Finland and Sweden. The African (Ethiopian) Shield is located in Africa.
The São Luís and Luis Alves cratonic fragments (Brazil) are shown, but the Arequipa–Antofalla Craton, the Sahara Craton, and some minor African cratons are not. Other versions describe the Guiana Shield separated from the Amazonian Shield by a depression. The Amazonian Craton is a geologic province located in South America.
Convergent plate tectonics within the continent of Gondwana had a major influence in the Paleozoic. [9] The Maranhao intracratonic basin in Piaui and Maranhao, close to the mouth of the Amazon spans 600,000 square kilometers and filled with 2.5 kilometers of sandstone and shale from the Cambrian through the Devonian.
Baltic Shield, part of the East European Craton; Fennoscandian Shield, the exposed Northwestern part of the Baltic Shield in Norway, Sweden and Finland (3.1 Ga) Karelian Craton, part of the Fennoscandian Shield in Southeast Finland and Karelia Russia, (3.4 Ga) Kola Craton, part of the Fennoscandian Shield, Kola Peninsula, Northwest Russia
The highest point in the shield is Pico da Neblina in Brazil at 2,995 metres (9,826 ft). [6] Pico da Neblina is the highest summit of the larger Neblina massif, a highly eroded sandstone plateau that straddles the Venezuela-Brazil border and that has lost the typical tabletop shape of the other tepuis in the region. [citation needed]
The Amazon Basin is a large sedimentary basin (620,000 square kilometres (240,000 sq mi)) located near the middle and lower course of the Amazon River, south the Guiana Shield and north of the Central Brazilian Shield. The basin developed on a rift that originated about 550 million years ago during the Cambrian.
West Gondwana with major cratons in brown and Pan-African orogenies in grey. Brasiliano orogeny or Brasiliano cycle (Portuguese: Orogênese Brasiliana and Ciclo Brasiliano) refers to a series of orogenies from the Neoproterozoic era, exposed chiefly in Brazil but also in other parts of South America.
Other versions describe the Guiana Shield separated from the Amazonian Shield by a depression, and the Saharan Metacraton as a part of this West African Craton. The São Francisco Craton is an ancient craton in the eastern part of South America. The craton crops out in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais and Bahia.