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Gaining recognition also is a way for Native American groups to assert their identity, their Indianness. [11] Tribes were originally recognized as legal parties through treaties, executive orders, or presidential proclamations. The 1934 Indian Reorganization Act played a major role in the development of the concept of federal recognition.
The Indian Alcohol and Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of 1986 [68] was updated in 2010 to make requirements that the Office of Indian Alcohol and Substance Abuse (OIASA), a subdivision of SAMHSA, is to work with federal agencies to assist Native American communities in developing a Tribal Action Plan (TAP).
The Nuka System's vision is "A Native community that enjoys physical, mental, emotional and spiritual wellness". [53] Every Alaska Native in the health system is a "customer-owner" of the system and participates as a self-determined individual who has a say in the decision-making processes and access to an intimate, integrated, long-term care team.
Native American Law Guide: Federal Indian Law and Tribal Law materials (University of California at Los Angeles) Law Library of Congress' Indians of North American Guide; Native American civil rights; National Congress of American Indians; Indian Law (Harvard Law Review) (multiple pages of cases) Tribal Access to Justice Information [7]
Enforcement authority over Native American territory, however, remains under federal EPA jurisdiction, unless a given tribe applies for and is granted Treatment as State (TAS) status. [ 52 ] With the emergence of environmental justice movements in the United States through the 1990s, President Bill Clinton released executive orders 12898 (1994 ...
Many of the treaties remain in effect and are of special importance regarding federal recognition of tribal status, hunting and fishing rights, rights to protection of sacred properties, rights to water and minerals, and land claims. [3] [4] The federal courts have a long, continuous history of litigation on these issues. The Supreme Court ...
Many of the treaties remain in effect and are of special importance regarding federal recognition of tribal status, hunting and fishing rights, rights to protection of sacred properties, rights to water and minerals, and land claims. [4] [5] The federal courts have a long, continuous history of litigation on these issues. The Supreme Court ...
Many of the inmates were not mentally ill. Native Americans risked being confined in the asylum for alcoholism, opposing government or business interests, or for being culturally misunderstood. A 1927 investigation conducted by the Bureau of Indian Affairs determined that a large number of patients showed no signs of mental illness. While open ...