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The lasers needed for the magneto-optical trapping of rubidium 85: (a) & (b) show the absorption (red detuned to the dotted line) and spontaneous emission cycle, (c) & (d) are forbidden transitions, (e) shows that if the cooling laser excites an atom to the = state, it is allowed to decay to the "dark" lower hyperfine, F=2 state, which would ...
Henri Moissan's 1892 record of fluorine gas color, viewed end-on in a 5‑m tube. Air (1) is on the left, fluorine (2) is in the middle, chlorine (3) is on the right. Fluorine forms diatomic molecules (F 2) that are gaseous at room temperature with a density about 1.3 times that of air. [1] [note 1] Though sometimes cited as yellow-green, pure
The F-gas Regulation adopts an approach based on containment and recovery of F-gases as well as imposing obligations on reporting, training and labeling on those using F-gases. On 26 September 2011, the Commission issued a report on the application, effects and adequacy of the Regulation, drawing from the results of an analytical study it ...
However, by removing one electron from dihelium, the stable gas-phase species He + 2 ion is formed with bond order 1/2. Another molecule that is precluded based on this principle is diberyllium. Beryllium has an electron configuration 1s 2 2s 2, so there are again two electrons in the valence level. However, the 2s can mix with the 2p orbitals ...
O 2 F 2 precipitates as a brown solid upon the UV irradiation of a mixture of liquid O 2 and F 2 at −196 °C. [8] It also only appears to be stable below −160 °C. [9] The general method of preparation of many oxygen fluorides is a gas-phase electric discharge in cold containers including O 2 F 2. [10] O 2 + F 2 → O 2 F 2 (electric ...
The MOT explains the paramagnetic nature of O 2, which valence bond theory cannot explain. In molecular orbital theory, electrons in a molecule are not assigned to individual chemical bonds between atoms , but are treated as moving under the influence of the atomic nuclei in the whole molecule. [ 1 ]
The S-O distance is 140.5 pm, S-F is 153.0 pm. As predicted by VSEPR, the O-S-O angle is more open than the F-S-F angle, 124° and 97°, respectively. [3] One synthesis begins with the preparation of potassium fluorosulfite: [4] SO 2 + KF → KSO 2 F. This salt is then chlorinated to give sulfuryl chloride fluoride: KSO 2 F + Cl 2 → SO 2 ClF ...
Dinitrogen difluoride is a chemical compound with the formula N 2 F 2. It is a gas at room temperature, and was first identified in 1952 as the thermal decomposition product of the fluorine azide (FN 3). It has the structure F−N=N−F and exists in both cis and trans isomers, as typical for diimides.