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Duodenal atresia is the congenital absence or complete closure of a portion of the lumen of the duodenum. It causes increased levels of amniotic fluid during pregnancy ( polyhydramnios ) and intestinal obstruction in newborn babies.
In cases of volvulus, plain radiography may demonstrate signs of duodenal obstruction with dilatation of the proximal duodenum and stomach but it is often non-specific. Ultrasonography may be useful in some cases of volvulus, depicting a "whirlpool sign" where the superior mesenteric artery and superior mesenteric vein have twisted.
Intestinal atresia occurs in around 1 in 3,000 births in the United States. [1] The most common form of intestinal atresia is duodenal atresia. It has a strong association with Down syndrome. [12] The second-most common type is ileal atresia. 95% of congenital jejunoileal obstructions are atresias; only 5% are stenoses. [2]
The digestive tract was also often abnormal; duodenal atresia, pyloric hyperplasia, malrotation and common mesentery were present in about half of the patients. When the brain was examined, more than half were found to have Dandy–Walker anomaly and/or agenesis of the corpus callosum. A few patients demonstrated cloudy cornea.
Frontal view of the abdomen with double bubble sign, patient was found to have duodenal atresia. In radiology, the double bubble sign is a feature of pediatric imaging seen on radiographs or prenatal ultrasound in which two air filled bubbles are seen in the abdomen, representing two discontiguous loops of bowel in a proximal, or 'high,' small bowel obstruction.
Ladd's bands shown as the cause of this depiction of bowel malrotation. Ladd's bands, sometimes called bands of Ladd, are fibrous stalks of peritoneal tissue that attach the cecum to the retroperitoneum in the right lower quadrant (RLQ).
Megaduodenum due to its duodenal ganglionitis is an unusual condition, Megaduodenum's similarity to megacolon and megaesophagus diseases can better explain the most plausible causes of it. [6] In addition, some theories state that megaduodenum can be associated with the following causes: post-vagotomy , vitamin deficiency , and collagen diseases .
The intestinal atresia is of the "apple-peel" type, an uncommon type in which the remaining portion of the intestine is found twisted around its main artery, and this usually affects the jejunum. [2] [3] Often, much of the bowel is missing in this form of atresia. [9] There can sometimes also be intestinal malrotation. [2] [3] [8] [11]