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In psychometrics, item response theory (IRT, also known as latent trait theory, strong true score theory, or modern mental test theory) is a paradigm for the design, analysis, and scoring of tests, questionnaires, and similar instruments measuring abilities, attitudes, or other variables.
TAP (Test Analysis Program) is a free Windows program written in Delphi Pascal that performs test and item analyses based on classical test theory. TAP provides reports on examinee total scores, item statistics (e.g., item difficulty, item discrimination, point-biserial), options analyses, and other useful information.
Automatic item generation (AIG), or automated item generation, is a process linking psychometrics with computer programming. It uses a computer algorithm to automatically create test items that are the basic building blocks of a psychological test. The method was first described by John R. Bormuth [1] in the 1960s but was not developed until ...
In practical test construction, item analysis is an iterative process, and cannot be entirely automated. The psychometrician's judgement is required to determine whether the emerging set of items to be retained constitutes a satisfactory test of the target construct. [citation needed] The three criteria above do not always agree, and a balance ...
In order to model the characteristics of the items (e.g., to pick the optimal item), all the items of the test must be pre-administered to a sizable sample and then analyzed. To achieve this, new items must be mixed into the operational items of an exam (the responses are recorded but do not contribute to the test-takers' scores), called "pilot ...
An important goal of item analysis is to identify and remove or revise items that are not good indicators of the underlying trait. [2] A small or negative item-correlation provides empirical evidence that the item is not measuring the same construct measured by the assessment. Exact values depend on the type of measure, but as a heuristic, a ...
An item bank Or Question Bank is a term for a repository of test items that belong to a testing program, as well as all information pertaining to those items. In most applications of testing and assessment , the items are of multiple choice format, but any format can be used.
In the realm of psychological testing and questionnaires, an individual task or question is referred to as a test Item or item. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] These items serve as fundamental components within questionnaire and psychological tests, often tied to a specific latent psychological construct (see operationalization ).