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The history of Poland spans over a thousand years, from medieval tribes, Christianization and monarchy; through Poland's Golden Age, expansionism and becoming one of the largest European powers; to its collapse and partitions, two world wars, communism, and the restoration of democracy.
This is a list English words of Polish origin, that is words used in the English language that were borrowed or derived, either directly or indirectly, from Polish. Several Polish words have entered English slang via Yiddish , brought by Ashkenazi Jews migrating from Poland to North America .
The renascent Polish State was initially called the Republic of Poland (Polish: Republika Polska). The title Rzeczpospolita was introduced by the March Constitution of Poland, the first article of which stated that Państwo Polskie jest Rzecząpospolitą, meaning "the Polish State is a Commonwealth".
The Polish language is a West Slavic language, and thus descends from Proto-Slavic, and more distantly from Proto-Indo-European.More specifically, it is a member of the Lechitic branch of the West Slavic languages, along with other languages spoken in areas within or close to the area of modern Poland: including Kashubian, Silesian, and the extinct Slovincian and Polabian.
This is a select bibliography of English language books (including translations) and journal articles about the history of Poland.A brief selection of English translations of primary sources is included.
Some common English words, as well as scientific nomenclature, derive from exonyms of Poland in various languages. Alla polacca, like a polonaise (in musical notation); Italian for "Polish style" Polacca, a type of 17th-century sailing vessel; Polka, a dance and genre of dance music originally from Bohemia; Czech (also Polish) "Pole" (feminine)
It has been suggested that the early Slavic peoples and languages may have originated in the region of Polesia, which includes the area around the Belarus–Ukraine border, parts of Western Russia, and parts of far Eastern Poland. [11] More of Poland would be settled by Slavic tribes in later periods, in the early centuries of the common era.
Poland in antiquity was characterized by peoples from various archeological cultures living in and migrating through various parts of what is now Poland, from about 400 BC to 450–500 AD. These people are identified as Slavs , Celts , Germanic peoples , Balts , Thracians , Avars , and Scythians .