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When the ore body is more or less horizontal, various forms of room and pillar stoping, cut and fill, [4] or longwall mining can take place. In steeply-dipping ore bodies, such as lodes of tin, the stopes become long narrow near-vertical spaces, which, if one reaches the surface is known as a gunnis or goffen. [1] A common method of mining such ...
A drum hoist (steel wire rope visible) and motor. In underground mining a hoist or winder [1] is used to raise and lower conveyances within the mine shaft.Modern hoists are normally powered using electric motors, historically with direct current drives utilizing Ward Leonard control machines and later solid-state converters (), although modern large hoists use alternating current drives that ...
Jig concentrators are devices used mainly in the mining industry for mineral processing, to separate particles within the ore body, based on their specific gravity (relative density). [1] The particles would usually be of a similar size, often crushed and screened prior to being fed over the jig bed. There are many variations in design; however ...
A spoil tip is a pile built of accumulated spoil - the overburden or other waste rock removed during coal and ore mining. Squeeze. A squeeze, weight or pinching was settling of the strata over a worked out area, resulting in lowering of the roof. Stinkdamp. Sulphuretted hydrogen gas, lethal following brief exposure. [6] Surveyor
Similar to in situ mining, heap leach mining differs in that it places ore on a liner, then adds the chemicals via drip systems to the ore, whereas in situ mining lacks these liners and pulls pregnant solution up to obtain the minerals. Heap leaching is widely used in modern large-scale mining operations as it produces the desired concentrates ...
The ore to be treated is ground into particles (comminution). In the idealized case, the individual minerals are physically separated, a process known as full liberation. The particle sizes are typically in the range 2–500 micrometers in diameter. [2] For froth flotation, an aqueous slurry of the ground ore is treated with the frothing agent.
Because a large portion of copper sulfide ore bodies contain silver or gold in appreciable amounts, a credit can be paid to the miner for these metals if their concentration within the concentrate is above a certain amount. Usually the refiner or smelter charges the miner a fee based on the concentration; a typical contract will specify that a ...
Saboteur 1 setup and playing card count. The game should be set up where the mine entrance card is separated by seven card widths from the middle treasure card, and the other two treasure cards are either above or below, separated by one card length each. Cards should all be placed in a portrait orientation.