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  2. Electrohydraulic lithotripsy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrohydraulic_lithotripsy

    Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy (EHL) is a medical procedure which uses targeted shockwaves to break up kidney stones and gallstones. [1] This form of extracorporeal lithotripsy is unique in that the shockwaves are produced by a vaporization bubble expanding and collapsing repeatedly, creating a pressure wave. [ 1 ]

  3. Kidney stone disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_stone_disease

    Treatment of kidney stones in children is similar to treatments for adults, including shock wave lithotripsy, medication, and treatment using scope through the bladder, kidney or skin. [131] Of these treatments, research is uncertain if shock waves are more effective than medication or a scope through the bladder, but it is likely less ...

  4. Lithotripsy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithotripsy

    Lithotripsy replaced using lithotrites as the most common treatment beginning in the mid 1980s. In extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), external shockwaves are focused at the stone to pulverize it. [6] Ureteroscopic methods use a rigid or flexible scope to reach the stone and direct mechanical or light energy at it. Endoscopy can use ...

  5. Lithotomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithotomy

    Lithotomy from Greek for "lithos" and "tomos" (), is a surgical method for removal of calculi, stones formed inside certain organs, such as the urinary tract (kidney stones), bladder (bladder stones), and gallbladder (), that cannot exit naturally through the urinary system or biliary tract.

  6. Laser lithotripsy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_lithotripsy

    Pulsed dye lasers have been used with fiber diameters of 200–550 microns [8] for lithotripsy of biliary and urinary stones. [9] Ho:YAG lasers have wavelength of 2100 nm (infrared) and are used for medical procedures in urology and other areas. They have qualities of CO 2 and Nd:Yag lasers, with ablative and coagulation effects. [10]

  7. Kidney - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney

    Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) are a relatively common and particularly painful disorder. A chronic condition can result in scars to the kidneys. The removal of kidney stones involves ultrasound treatment to break up the stones into smaller pieces, which are then passed through the urinary tract. One common symptom of kidney stones is a sharp ...

  8. Calculus (medicine) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_(medicine)

    Bezoars are lumps of indigestible material in the stomach and/or intestines; most commonly, they consist of hair (in which case they are also known as hairballs). A bezoar may form the nidus of an enterolith. In kidney stones, calcium oxalate is the most common mineral type (see nephrolithiasis).

  9. Idiopathic hypercalcinuria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_hypercalcinuria

    Anatomy of the male urinary system. The standard definition of hypercalciuria is varied. Hodkinson and Pyrah proposed hypercalciuria as a calcium excretion of over 7.5 mmol in men and 6.25 mmol in women, every 24 hours, [ 4 ] but some argue that these values are too restrictive and ignore age, weight considerations, and renal function.

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