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Learn how to calculate the properties of a normal shock wave in aerodynamics using tabulated data and equations. A normal shock wave is a discontinuity in flow velocity, pressure, density, temperature, and stagnation pressure across a shock front.
STP is a term used to refer to various standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements in chemistry and other fields. Learn about the different definitions, uses and examples of STP by different organizations and systems of units.
Learn about the definition, mechanism, and measurement of atmospheric pressure, also known as air pressure or barometric pressure. The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as 101,325 Pa, which is equivalent to 1,013.25 millibars, 760 mm Hg, 29.9212 inches Hg, or 14.696 psi.
Variable air volume (VAV) is a type of HVAC system that varies the airflow at a constant or varying temperature. Learn about the advantages, controls, and applications of VAV systems, as well as the challenges and research on energy efficiency.
Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in either the pressure or the height above a datum. Learn how to derive and apply this principle to various types of flow, and see examples and applications in fluid dynamics.
Learn how to calculate the pressure coefficient, a dimensionless number that describes the relative pressures in a fluid flow field. Find out the definitions, formulas, and applications of pressure coefficient in aerodynamics and hydrodynamics.
Choked flow is a compressible flow effect where the fluid velocity reaches a maximum and becomes limited by the downstream pressure or the vapor pressure of the liquid. Learn how to calculate the choked flow rate, the critical pressure ratio and the discharge coefficient for gases and liquids.
Learn how to calculate the density of air as a function of temperature and pressure, and see the values for dry and humid air at different conditions. The web page also explains the effect of humidity on air density and provides a table of air density at 1 atm.