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The history of X-ray computed tomography (CT) dates back to at least 1917 with the mathematical theory of the Radon transform. [1][2] In the early 1900s an Italian radiologist named Alessandro Vallebona invented tomography (named "stratigrafia") which used radiographic film to see a single slice of the body. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] It was ...
History of neuroimaging. Neuroimaging is a medical technique that allows doctors and researchers to take pictures of the inner workings of the body or brain of a patient. It can show areas with heightened activity, areas with high or low blood flow, the structure of the patients brain/body, as well as certain abnormalities.
1908 – Victor Horsley and R. Clarke invents the stereotactic method. 1909 – First intrauterine device described by Richard Richter. [ 102 ] 1910 – Hans Christian Jacobaeus performs the first laparoscopy on humans. 1917 – Julius Wagner-Jauregg discovers the malarial fever shock therapy for general paresis of the insane.
The following dates are approximations. 700 BC: Pythagoras's theorem is discovered by Baudhayana in the Hindu Shulba Sutras in Upanishadic India. [18] However, Indian mathematics, especially North Indian mathematics, generally did not have a tradition of communicating proofs, and it is not fully certain that Baudhayana or Apastamba knew of a proof.
X-ray spectromicroscopy has been used to analyse the reactions of pigments in paintings. For example, in analysing colour degradation in the paintings of van Gogh. [140] Using X-ray for inspection and quality control: the differences in the structures of the die and bond wires reveal the left chip to be counterfeit. [141]
(See X-ray astronomy). More intense research continued since 1960 including spectrometers on satellites. In the same period the laboratory spectroscopy of MIA becomes relevant as a diagnostic tool for hot plasmas of thermonuclear devices (see Nuclear fusion ) which begun with building Stellarator in 1951 by Spitzer, and continued with tokamaks ...
The Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO), previously known as the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF), is a Flagship-class space telescope launched aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia during STS-93 by NASA on July 23, 1999. Chandra was sensitive to X-ray sources 100 times fainter than any previous X-ray telescope, enabled by the high angular ...
History of X-ray astronomy. Chandra 's image of Saturn (left) and Hubble optical image of Saturn (right). Saturn's X-ray spectrum is similar to that of X-rays from the Sun. 14 April 2003. The history of X-ray astronomy begins in the 1920s, with interest in short wave communications for the U.S. Navy. This was soon followed by extensive study of ...