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Romanization is the process of converting text from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Learn about the methods, characteristics, and applications of romanization for various languages and scripts, such as Arabic, Persian, and Japanese.
Learn about the history, script and letters of the Urdu alphabet, a modification of the Persian alphabet derived from the Arabic script. See examples of Nastaʿlīq, the dominant style of Urdu calligraphy, and compare it with other abjad scripts.
Lab Pe Aati Hai Dua is a prayer by Muhammad Iqbal in Urdu verse, recited in schools in Pakistan and India. It expresses the longing for God, knowledge, light, and virtue, and asks for protection from evil ways.
Note that Hindi–Urdu transliteration schemes can be used for Punjabi as well, for Gurmukhi (Eastern Punjabi) to Shahmukhi (Western Punjabi) conversion, since Shahmukhi is a superset of the Urdu alphabet (with 2 extra consonants) and the Gurmukhi script can be easily converted to the Devanagari script.
Learn how Persian influenced the formation and development of Urdu, a colloquial language and lingua franca of Pakistan and India. See a sample comparison of Iranian Persian and formal Urdu texts from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
The Urdu Dictionary Board is a Pakistani institution that edits and publishes a comprehensive dictionary of the Urdu language. It was established in 1958 and has faced funding and staffing issues since 2019.
Urdu Wikipedia is the Standard Urdu-language edition of Wikipedia, a free, open-content encyclopedia. It has 207,915 articles, 182,047 registered users and 12,628 files, and it is the 54th largest edition of Wikipedia by article count.
Urdu is an Indo-Aryan language spoken mainly in South Asia, with 230 million speakers worldwide. It is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan, where it is also an official language alongside English, and has a Persianised register and a rich literary heritage.