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  2. Lens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens

    A lens with one convex and one concave side is convex-concave or meniscus. Convex-concave lenses are most commonly used in corrective lenses, since the shape minimizes some aberrations. For a biconvex or plano-convex lens in a lower-index medium, a collimated beam of light passing through the lens converges to a spot (a focus) behind

  3. Hans Lipperhey - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Lipperhey

    Hans Lipperhey[a] (c. 1570 – buried 29 September 1619), also known as Johann Lippershey or simply Lippershey, [b] was a German - Dutch spectacle-maker. He is commonly associated with the invention of the telescope, because he was the first one who tried to obtain a patent for it. [1] It is, however, unclear if he was the first one to build a ...

  4. Hollow-Face illusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow-Face_illusion

    Hollow-Face illusion. The Hollow-Face illusion (also known as Hollow-Mask illusion) is an optical illusion in which the perception of a concave mask of a face appears as a normal convex face. While a convex face will appear to look in a single direction, and the gaze of a flat face, such as the Lord Kitchener Wants You poster, can appear to ...

  5. Focal length - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal_length

    Focal length. Measure of how strongly an optical system converges or diverges light. The focal point F and focal length f of a positive (convex) lens, a negative (concave) lens, a concave mirror, and a convex mirror. The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of ...

  6. Eyepiece - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyepiece

    Modern improvements typically have fields of view of 60°−70°. König design revisions use exotic glass and / or add more lens groups; the most typical adaptation is to add a simple positive, concave-convex lens before the doublet, with the concave face towards the light source and the convex surface facing the doublet.

  7. Geometrical optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrical_optics

    Thin lenses produce focal points on either side that can be modeled using the lensmaker's equation. [5] In general, two types of lenses exist: convex lenses, which cause parallel light rays to converge, and concave lenses, which cause parallel light rays to diverge. The detailed prediction of how images are produced by these lenses can be made ...

  8. Real image - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_image

    Real images can be produced by concave mirrors and converging lenses, only if the object is placed further away from the mirror/lens than the focal point, and this real image is inverted. As the object approaches the focal point the image approaches infinity, and when the object passes the focal point the image becomes virtual and is not ...

  9. Ray transfer matrix analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_transfer_matrix_analysis

    R = radius of curvature, R > 0 for concave, valid in the paraxial approximation θ is the mirror angle of incidence in the horizontal plane. Thin lens f = focal length of lens where f > 0 for convex/positive (converging) lens.