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Near East and the Caucasus: Badra Gunba: Acting President of Abkhazia: 19 November 2024: Valeri Bganba: Acting Prime Minister of Abkhazia: 19 November 2024 Afghanistan: Near East: Hibatullah Akhundzada: Supreme Leader of Afghanistan: 15 August 2021 Hasan Akhund: Acting Prime Minister of Afghanistan: 7 September 2021 Armenia: Near East and the ...
The endurance of authoritarian regimes in the Middle East is notable in comparison to the rest of the world. While such regimes have fallen throughout sub-Saharan Africa, for example, they have persisted in the Middle East. Yet Middle Eastern history also includes significant episodes of conflict between rulers and proponents of democracy. [34]
Soviet Middle Eastern foreign policy during the Cold War was shaped by two primary concerns, as perceived by the Soviet leadership. The first key priority was ensuring the security interests of the Soviet Union itself, mainly by countering American presence in the region, with the second concern revolving around the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism.
While the Roman polity survived in the East, its ongoing evolution led historians by the 16th century to recognize use of the term Byzantine Empire to distinguish it from the unified Roman Empire (notwithstanding the period of the Tetrarchy). The Eastern Roman Empire reached its greatest extent in the 6th century under the emperor Justinian.
Similar attempts were made by other Arab leaders, such as Hafez al-Assad, Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, Faisal I of Iraq, Muammar Gaddafi, Saddam Hussein, Gaafar Nimeiry and Anwar Sadat. Map of the Arab world Middle East in 1958: United Arab Republic (red), United Arab States (red and light red), Arab Federation (green), British Kuwait (grass green ...
The Middle East, it turned out, possessed the world's largest easily untapped reserves of crude oil, the most important commodity in the 20th century. The discovery of oil in the region made many of the kings and emirs of the Middle East immensely wealthy and enabled them to consolidate their hold on power while giving them a stake in ...
After that time, the term "Middle East" gained broader usage in Europe and the United States. Following World War II, for example, the Middle East Institute was founded in Washington, D.C. in 1946. [21] The corresponding adjective is Middle Eastern and the derived noun is Middle Easterner.
Universal Newsreel about the founding of the Republic. The United Arab Republic was established on 1 February 1958 [2] as the first step towards a larger pan-Arab state, originally being proposed to Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser by a group of political and military leaders in Syria.