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Lysine (symbol Lys or K) [2] is an α-amino acid that is a precursor to many proteins.Lysine contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH + 3 form when the lysine is dissolved in water at physiological pH), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO − form when the lysine is dissolved in water at physiological pH), and a side chain (CH 2) 4 NH 2 (which ...
Double-stranded DNA phage lysins tend to lie within the 25 to 40 kDa range in terms of size. A notable exception is the streptococcal PlyC endolysin, which is 114 kDa. PlyC is not only the biggest and most potent lysin, but also structurally unique since it is composed of two different gene products, PlyCA and PlyCB, with a ratio of eight PlyCB subunits for each PlyCA in its active conformation.
It forms after glucose reacts with primary amino groups of lysine or arginine found in proteins. Because of the increased concentration of the reactant glucose, more 3DG forms with excessive blood sugar levels, as in uncontrolled diabetes. Glucose reacts non-enzymatically with protein amino groups to initiate glycation. The formation of 3DG may ...
On the flip side, a diet high in added sugar, refined carbs, and saturated fat increases blood sugar and worsens insulin resistance, in turn, leading to type 2 diabetes, adds Palinski-Wade.
One example of glycoproteins found in the body is mucins, which are secreted in the mucus of the respiratory and digestive tracts. The sugars when attached to mucins give them considerable water-holding capacity and also make them resistant to proteolysis by digestive enzymes. Glycoproteins are important for white blood cell recognition.
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C-linked glycans, a rare form of glycosylation where a sugar is added to a carbon on a tryptophan side-chain. Aloin is one of the few naturally occurring substances. Glypiation, which is the addition of a GPI anchor that links proteins to lipids through glycan linkages.
Insulin degludec is an ultra-long acting insulin that, unlike insulin glargine, is active at a physiologic pH.The addition of hexadecanedioic acid via an amide linkage to lysine at the B29 position allows for the formation of multi-hexamers in subcutaneous tissues. [16]
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