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Seismic intensity scales categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) at a given location, such as resulting from an earthquake. They are distinguished from seismic magnitude scales , which measure the magnitude or overall strength of an earthquake, which may, or perhaps may not, cause perceptible shaking.
Intensity 7 (震度7, Shindo-nana) is the highest level on the JMA seismic intensity scale, applied to earthquakes with an instrumental intensity (計測震度) of 6.5 or higher. [6] At Intensity 7, movement becomes nearly impossible without external support. [11] The intensity was created following the 1948 Fukui earthquake.
For example, a magnitude 7.0 quake in Salta, Argentina, in 2011, that was 576.8 km deep, had a maximum felt intensity of V, [19] while a magnitude 2.2 event in Barrow in Furness, England, in 1865, about 1 km deep, had a maximum felt intensity of VIII. [20] The small table is a rough guide to the degrees of the MMI scale.
The intensity of local ground-shaking depends on several factors besides the magnitude of the earthquake, [3] one of the most important being soil conditions. For instance, thick layers of soft soil (such as fill) can amplify seismic waves, often at a considerable distance from the source, while sedimentary basins will often resonate ...
Unlike the Richter and moment magnitude scales, it is not a measure of the total energy (magnitude, or size) of an earthquake, but rather of how much the earth shakes at a given geographic point. The Mercalli intensity scale uses personal reports and observations to measure earthquake intensity but PGA is measured by instruments, such as ...
The Enhanced Fujita scale replaced the decommissioned Fujita scale that was introduced in 1971 by Ted Fujita. [6] Operational use began in the United States on February 1, 2007, followed by Canada on April 1, 2013, who uses a modified version known as the CEF-scale.
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(These should not be confused with moment magnitudes JMA calculates, which are labeled M w (JMA) or M (JMA), nor with the Shindo intensity scale.) JMA magnitudes are based (as typical with local scales) on the maximum amplitude of the ground motion ; they agree "rather well" [ 3 ] with the seismic moment magnitude M w in the range of 4.5 to 7.5 ...