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Commercial rubidium clocks are less accurate than caesium atomic clocks, which serve as primary frequency standards, so a rubidium clock is usually used as a secondary frequency standard. Commercial rubidium frequency standards operate by disciplining a crystal oscillator to the rubidium hyperfine transition of 6.8 GHz (6 834 682 610.904 Hz).
Atomic clocks based on rubidium standards are therefore regarded as secondary representations of the second. Rubidium standard clocks are prized for their low cost, small size (commercial standards are as small as 1.7 × 10 5 mm 3) [33] and short-term stability. They are used in many commercial, portable and aerospace applications.
National Standard Time and Frequency Laboratory; Taoyuan, ... Five caesium clocks, one passive hydrogen maser, two active hydrogen masers. [26] Cs, H
Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space; List of atomic clocks; Atomic fountain; ... Rubidium standard This page was last edited on 8 February 2018, at 00:53 (UTC). ...
A standard clock comprises a frequency standard, a device to count off the cycles of the oscillation emitted by the frequency standard, and a means of displaying or outputting the result. Frequency standards in a network or facility are sometimes administratively designated as primary or secondary .
The first caesium clock was built by Louis Essen in 1955 at the National Physical Laboratory in the UK [1] and promoted worldwide by Gernot M. R. Winkler of the United States Naval Observatory. Caesium atomic clocks are one of the most accurate time and frequency standards, and serve as the primary standard for the definition of the second in ...
The Time and Frequency Standards Laboratory is a part of the National Physical Laboratory in New Delhi which maintains and calibrates the Indian Standard Time. Features of the Time and Frequency Standards Lab include: Four caesium and rubidium atomic clocks
A rubidium fountain atomic clock at the United States Naval Observatory. Rubidium compounds are sometimes used in fireworks to give them a purple color. [48] Rubidium has also been considered for use in a thermoelectric generator using the magnetohydrodynamic principle, whereby hot rubidium ions are passed through a magnetic field. [49]
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