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They cannot not be free, there is a form of necessity for freedom, which can never be given up." [1] Sartre closes his work by emphasizing that existentialism, as it is a philosophy of action and one's defining oneself, is optimistic and liberating. "Sartre offers a description of human beings as a project and as a commitment." [1]
[13] [14] [15] When Marcel first applied the term to Jean-Paul Sartre, at a colloquium in 1945, Sartre rejected it. [16] Sartre subsequently changed his mind and, on October 29, 1945, publicly adopted the existentialist label in a lecture to the Club Maintenant in Paris , published as L'existentialisme est un humanisme ( Existentialism Is a ...
In the wake of Being and Nothingness, Sartre became concerned with reconciling his concept of freedom with concrete social subjects and was strongly influenced in this regard by his friend and associate Maurice Merleau-Ponty, whose writings in the late 1940s and early 1950s, including Sense and Non-Sense, were pioneering a path towards a synthesis of existentialism and Marxism. [9]
Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre in Beijing, 1955. Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (/ ˈ s ɑːr t r ə /, US also / ˈ s ɑːr t /; [5] French:; 21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary critic, considered a leading figure in 20th-century French philosophy and Marxism.
For Jean-Paul Sartre, to claim that one amongst many conscious possibilities takes undeniable precedence (for instance, "I cannot risk my life, because I must support my family") is to assume the role of an object in the world, not a free agent, but merely at the mercy of circumstance (a being-in-itself that is only its own facticity, i.e., it ...
Sartre is committed to a radical conception of freedom: nothing fixes our purpose but we ourselves, our projects have no weight or inertia except for our endorsement of them. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] Simone de Beauvoir , on the other hand, holds that there are various factors, grouped together under the term sedimentation , that offer resistance to ...
Jean-Paul Sartre: The book highlights Sartre’s contribution to existentialism, particularly his ideas on radical freedom and personal responsibility, as expressed in works such as Being and Nothingness. Simone de Beauvoir: Known for The Second Sex, de Beauvoir’s exploration of gender and the existentialist view on freedom are key topics ...
[21] Sartre, following Marx, sees human freedom limited by economic scarcity. For Sartre, Marxism will remain the only possible philosophy until scarcity is overcome; [22] moreover, he sees even conceiving of a successor theory—or what one might look like—as impossible until the scarcity problem is overcome. [23]