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White oil is sold commercially as a petroleum oil-based organic pesticide, in both a concentrate, [3] [4] [5] and ready-to-use spray bottle or can. [6] [7]The term "horticultural oil" may be used to differentiate this petroleum oil-based product from homemade products using vegetable oil.
Insecticidal soap is used to control many plant insect pests. Soap has been used for more than 200 years as an insect control. [1] Because insecticidal soap works on direct contact with pests via the disruption of cell membranes when the insect is penetrated with fatty acids, the insect's cells leak their contents causing the insect to dehydrate and die. [2]
Acetamiprid is an organic compound with the chemical formula C 10 H 11 ClN 4. It is an odorless neonicotinoid insecticide produced under the trade names Assail, and Chipco by Aventis CropSciences. It is systemic and intended to control sucking insects (Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, mainly aphids [ 1 ] ) on crops such as leafy vegetables, citrus ...
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The aphids may not be the original source of infection, but are instrumental in spreading the virus through the crop. [9] Various chemical treatments are available to kill the aphids and organic growers can use a solution of soft soap. [12] Wasp laying egg inside an aphid's body Aphids tended by ants
Aphids reproducing asexually by parthenogenesis can have genetically identical winged and non-winged female progeny. Control is complex; some aphids alternate during their life-cycles between genetic control (polymorphism) and environmental control (polyphenism) of production of winged or wingless forms. [60]
Predators of aphids were similarly found to be present in tussock grasses by field boundary hedges in England, but they spread too slowly to reach the centers of fields. Control was improved by planting a meter-wide strip of tussock grasses in field centers, enabling aphid predators to overwinter there. [29]
Computer-assisted organic synthesis software is a type of application software used in organic chemistry in tandem with computational chemistry to help facilitate the tasks of designing, predicting, and producing chemical reactions. CAOS aims to identify a series of chemical reactions which, from a starting compound, can produce a desired molecule.