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Nitrogen-15 (15 N) tracing is a technique to study the nitrogen cycle using the heavier, stable nitrogen isotope 15 N.Despite the different weights, 15 N is involved in the same chemical reactions as the more abundant 14 N and is therefore used to trace and quantify conversions of one nitrogen compound to another.
Anammox, an abbreviation for "anaerobic ammonium oxidation", is a globally important microbial process of the nitrogen cycle [1] that takes place in many natural environments. The bacteria mediating this process were identified in 1999, and were a great surprise for the scientific community. [ 2 ]
Nitrifying bacteria are present in distinct taxonomical groups and are found in highest numbers where considerable amounts of ammonia are present (such as areas with extensive protein decomposition, and sewage treatment plants). [3]
Nitrogen-15 is extensively used to trace mineral nitrogen compounds (particularly fertilizers) in the environment. [15] When combined with the use of other isotopic labels, 15 N is also a very important tracer for describing the fate of nitrogenous organic pollutants. [16] [17] Nitrogen-15 tracing is an important method used in biogeochemistry.
Fixed nitrogen sources are required for most organisms to synthesize proteins, nucleic acids and other cellular components. Depending on the enzyme capabilities of the organism, nitrogen may be provided as bulk protein, such as soy meal; as pre-digested polypeptides, such as peptone or tryptone; or as ammonia or nitrate salts. Cost is also an ...
Whether nitrogen is mineralized or immobilized depends on the C/N ratio of the plant residues. [6] For example, incorporating materials high in carbon to nitrogen ratio such as saw dust and straw will stimulate soil microbial activity, increase demand for nitrogen, leading to immobilization. [7] This is known as priming effect. [8]
Industrial microbiology is a branch of biotechnology that applies microbial sciences to create industrial products in mass quantities, often using microbial cell factories. There are multiple ways to manipulate a microorganism in order to increase maximum product yields. Introduction of mutations into an organism may be accomplished by ...
[6] [15] Bacteria can in principle be used to degrade hydrocarbons. [16] [17] Specific to marine oil spills, nitrogen and phosphorus have been key nutrients in biodegradation. [18] The bioremediation of hydrocarbons suffers from low rates. Bioremediation can involve the action of microbial consortium. Within the consortium, the product of one ...
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