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Ecosystem management and ecosystem-based management refer to the sustainable management of ecosystems and in some cases may employ the terms ecosystem health or ecosystem integrity as a goal. [77] The practice of natural resource management has evolved as societal priorities have changed and, as a consequence, the working definition of ...
Ecological health is a term that has been used in relation to both human health and the condition of the environment. In medicine, ecological health has been used to refer to multiple chemical sensitivity , which results from exposure to synthetic chemicals (pesticides, smoke, etc.) in the environment, hence the term ecological.
It is typically linked to specific drug-receptor interactions that trigger a pharmacological response in an aquatic or terrestrial organism. While chronic ecotoxicity is less likely to be lethal, it reduces cellular biochemical functions, which can lead to changes in the organism's psychological or behavioral responses to environmental stimuli ...
Health ecology (also known as eco-health) is an emerging field that studies the impact of ecosystems on human health. It examines alterations in the biological , physical , social , and economic environments to understand how these changes affect mental and physical human health.
However, the term appears to have come into common use in the medical and public health literature in the mid-twentieth century. [41] [42] This was strengthened in 1971 by the publication of Epidemiology as Medical Ecology, [43] and again in 1987 by the publication of a textbook on Public Health and Human Ecology. [44]
Ecotoxicology is a relatively young discipline that made its debuts in the 1970s [2] in the realm of the environmental sciences. Its methodological aspects, derived from toxicology, are widened to encompass the human environmental field and the biosphere at large.
Ecosystem services are ecologically mediated functional processes essential to sustaining healthy human societies. [6] Water provision and filtration, production of biomass in forestry, agriculture, and fisheries, and removal of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO 2) from the atmosphere are examples of ecosystem services essential to public health and economic opportunity.
Ecological indicators are used to communicate information about ecosystems and the impact human activity has on ecosystems to groups such as the public or government policy makers. Ecosystems are complex and ecological indicators can help describe them in simpler terms that can be understood and used by non-scientists to make management decisions.