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There are two kinds of changes that can affect stem vowels of some Spanish verbs: diphthongization and vowel raising. Both changes affect -e-or -o-in the last (or only) syllable of a verb stem. Diphthongization changes -e-to -ie-, and -o-to -ue-. Vowel raising changes the mid vowels-e-and -o-to the corresponding high vowels: -i-and -u-respectively.
For -er or -ir verbs, replace the -er or -ir ending with -iendo; e.g. comer, escribir, dormir → comiendo, escribiendo, durmiendo (note that dormir undergoes the stem vowel change that is typical of -ir verbs).
The preterite and past participle forms of irregular verbs follow certain patterns. These include ending in -t (e.g. build, bend, send), stem changes (whether it is a vowel, such as in sit, win or hold, or a consonant, such as in teach and seek, that changes), or adding the [n] suffix to the past participle form (e.g. drive, show, rise ...
This also bears resemblance to the Slavic perfective past, as these actions are usually viewed as done in one stroke. The corresponding preterite forms would be Yo jugué ("I played"), Yo leí ("I read") or Yo escribí ("I wrote"). As stated above, deciding whether to use the preterite or the imperfect can present some difficulty for English ...
The preterite or preterit (/ ˈ p r ɛ t ər ɪ t / PRET-ər-it; abbreviated PRET or PRT) is a grammatical tense or verb form serving to denote events that took place or were completed in the past; in some languages, such as Spanish, French, and English, it is equivalent to the simple past tense.
The English language has many irregular verbs, approaching 200 in normal use – and significantly more if prefixed forms are counted. In most cases, the irregularity concerns the past tense (also called preterite) or the past participle.
class I preterite: a few presents Root thematic: class II (more common in later Vedic) second aorist "aorist-present" verbs (relics) > thematic presents "root aorist" to class I, II: highly productive: class VI preterite: Reduplicated: class III (to causatives) aorist to causatives: only dua 'to love' class II preterite in Toch. A (usually ...
§ Future changes to conditional, also referred to as future-in-the-past (i.e. will/shall changes to would/should): "The match will end in a draw." → He predicted that the match would end in a draw. The modals can and may change to their preterite forms could and might : "We may attend." → She told us that they might attend.