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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. [8] GOLD 2024 defined COPD as a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea or shortness of breath, cough, sputum production and/or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis ...
Smoking accounts for about 80% of all COPD-related deaths, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention—and smoking cessation is one of the only things that have been shown to ...
Obstructive lung disease is a category of respiratory disease characterized by airway obstruction. Many obstructive diseases of the lung result from narrowing (obstruction) of the smaller bronchi and larger bronchioles, often because of excessive contraction of the smooth muscle itself. It is generally characterized by inflamed and easily ...
Specialty. Respirology, emergency medicine. An acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB), is a sudden worsening of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) symptoms including shortness of breath, quantity and color of phlegm that typically lasts for several days.
In general, moderate exercise has many benefits for people with COPD as it helps improve the body's use of oxygen, energy levels, mental health, sleep, self-esteem, cardiovascular fitness, muscle ...
Certainty ratings ranged from “high certainty” to “very low certainty”. Evidence revealed that common medicines varenicline, cytisine, and nicotine e-cigarettes were the most effective ...
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