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Germanium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is lustrous, hard-brittle, grayish-white and similar in appearance to silicon. It is a metalloid (more rarely considered a metal) in the carbon group that is chemically similar to its group neighbors silicon and tin. Like silicon, germanium naturally reacts and forms ...
synthetic element. The carbon group is a periodic table group consisting of carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), and flerovium (Fl). It lies within the p-block. In modern IUPAC notation, it is called group 14. In the field of semiconductor physics, it is still universally called group IV.
China supplies 60% of the world's germanium, which is used in applications such as fibre optic cables, solar cells and infrared technology. Spot prices of germanium ingot have jumped nearly a ...
Germanium occurs mostly in the oxidation state +4 although many +2 compounds are known. [1] Other oxidation states are rare: +3 is found in compounds such as Ge 2 Cl 6, and +3 and +1 are found on the surface of oxides, [2] or negative oxidation states in germanides, such as −4 in Mg 2 Ge.
Germanium is used in high-speed computer chips, plastics and military applications such as night-vision devices as well as satellite imagery sensors. Gallium is used in radar and radio ...
Graphs of abundance vs atomic number. Abundance (atom fraction) of the chemical elements in Earth's upper continental crust as a function of atomic number; [5] siderophiles shown in yellow. Graphs of abundance against atomic number can reveal patterns relating abundance to stellar nucleosynthesis and geochemistry.
To place germanium into the periodic table, Mendeleev suggested that it might be ekacadmium, an element he had predicted earlier. In contrast, Lothar Meyer favored an identification of germanium with ekasilicon, a different predicted element. Winkler isolated more of the pure material, and eventually obtained enough to measure some of its ...
Running time. 55 minutes (broadcast version) 73 minutes (extended version) Country. United Kingdom. Language. English. Paul McCartney: In the World Tonight is a 1997 documentary about the making of Paul McCartney 's Flaming Pie album. [1] The film takes its name from the album's second track, "The World Tonight".