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Helium-3 (3He[1][2] see also helion) is a light, stable isotope of helium with two protons and one neutron. (In contrast, the most common isotope, helium-4, has two protons and two neutrons.) Helium-3 and protium (ordinary hydrogen) are the only stable nuclides with more protons than neutrons. It was discovered in 1939.
By one estimate, the solar wind has deposited more than 1 million tons of helium-3 (3 He) on the Moon's surface. [61] Materials on the Moon's surface contain helium-3 at concentrations estimated between 1.4 and 15 parts per billion (ppb) in sunlit areas, [1] [62] [63] and may contain concentrations as much as 50 ppb in permanently shadowed ...
In Earth's atmosphere, the ratio of 3 He to 4 He is 1.343(13) × 10 −6. [5] However, the isotopic abundance of helium varies greatly depending on its origin. In the Local Interstellar Cloud, the proportion of 3 He to 4 He is 1.62(29) × 10 −4, [6] which is ~121 times higher than in Earth's atmosphere.
In the Sun, each helium-3 nucleus produced in these reactions exists for only about 400 years before it is converted into helium-4. [9] Once the helium-3 has been produced, there are four possible paths to generate 4 He. In p–p I, helium-4 is produced by fusing two helium-3 nuclei; the p–p II and p–p III branches fuse 3 He with pre ...
Helion Energy, Inc. is an American fusion research company, located in Everett, Washington. [ 2 ] They are developing a magneto-inertial fusion technology to produce helium-3 and fusion power via aneutronic fusion, [ 3 ][ 4 ] which could produce low-cost clean electric energy using a fuel that can be derived exclusively from water.
In gaseous form, small quantities of helium are supplied in high-pressure cylinders holding as much as 8 m 3 (approximately . 282 standard cubic feet), while large quantities of high-pressure gas are supplied in tube trailers, which have capacities of as much as 4,860 m 3 (approx. 172,000 standard cubic feet).
Helium-3 propulsion would use the fusion of helium-3 atoms as a power source. Helium-3, an isotope of helium with two protons and one neutron, could be fused with deuterium in a reactor. The resulting energy release could expel propellant out the back of the spacecraft. Helium-3 is proposed as a power source for spacecraft mainly because of its ...
Deuterium fusion, also called deuterium burning, is a nuclear fusion reaction that occurs in stars and some substellar objects, in which a deuterium nucleus (deuteron) and a proton combine to form a helium-3 nucleus. It occurs as the second stage of the proton–proton chain reaction, in which a deuteron formed from two protons fuses with ...
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